Eastern Equine Encephalitis Cases Rise in New England

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), a rare but severe mosquito-borne disease, is causing concern in New England as cases have been reported in Connecticut and surrounding states. EEE is primarily transmitted through infected mosquitoes and has a high mortality rate, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Emily Reinhardt, an assistant clinical professor at UConn’s Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, highlighted the importance of awareness following the identification of EEE cases in the region. In Connecticut, recent surveillance has detected the virus in both animals and humans, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and prevention efforts.

The EEE virus predominantly circulates among birds and mosquitoes, primarily in swampy areas conducive to mosquito breeding. Surveillance conducted by state agencies, including the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), plays a crucial role in tracking the spread of the virus. This year, one case of EEE was confirmed in a white-tailed deer in Connecticut, while two horses and five birds tested positive in 2023.

Human cases of EEE are significantly rarer, but the disease poses serious health risks, especially for older adults, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, with approximately one in three individuals infected succumbing to the illness.

As the mosquito season peaks, particularly during late summer and early fall, public health officials are urging residents to take protective measures to minimize exposure to mosquito bites. Methods include reducing mosquito breeding habitats and safeguarding human and animal health.

Massachusetts officials have recently announced heightened preventive measures in response to EEE outbreaks, including aerial spraying in high-risk areas and the implementation of nighttime closures in public spaces. Local health departments are collaborating to control EEE and educate the public about the risks associated with mosquito-borne diseases.