Understanding Long COVID: Symptoms and Treatment Insights

TAMPA, Fla. — As the coronavirus pandemic evolves, a growing concern among healthcare professionals is Long COVID, a debilitating condition that persists after a COVID-19 infection, affecting numerous individuals worldwide.

According to a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study, approximately 10% of people recovering from an Omicron infection experience Long COVID. The term refers to a range of physical and mental health effects persisting long after the initial illness, highlighting the complexity of this condition.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines Long COVID as symptoms lingering four weeks after infection; however, the World Health Organization extends this timeframe to 12 weeks. Dr. Friedberg, clinical co-lead of the Post COVID Recovery Program at Ohio State University’s Wexner Medical Center, emphasizes that varying definitions complicate diagnosis and treatment.

“It sort of depends on who you talk to, which makes it challenging to recognize and treat Long COVID,” said Dr. Friedberg. The symptoms of Long COVID can span various bodily systems, complicating how it manifests in different individuals. Symptoms reported range from respiratory and cardiovascular issues to cognitive impairments and mental health disorders.

Dr. Gorman, a physician at Critica, described the extensive list of symptoms as including fatigue, cognitive difficulties often referred to as “brain fog,” and persistent headaches. “The fatigue people report is not the kind that improves with rest; it’s a crushing exhaustion that can leave individuals incapacitated after minor exertion,” Gorman said.

Fatigue often comes with post-exertion crashes, which can leave patients unable to perform daily tasks for extended periods. Alongside fatigue, many patients report anxiety, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal disturbances, including persistent diarrhea.

Data suggests that mental health challenges are prevalent among Long COVID sufferers. Studies indicate a marked increase in anxiety and depression among those who have experienced COVID-19, with one study revealing a 35% higher likelihood of developing anxiety and a 40% higher likelihood of depression in COVID-19 patients.

The multifaceted nature of Long COVID poses significant challenges for healthcare providers. “The majority of patients who come into our clinic present with multiple symptoms, often across varied bodily systems,” stated Dr. Lago, a physician specializing in post-COVID care. “Even disparate symptoms, like diarrhea and chest pain, can indicate Long COVID.”

Gender and ethnicity may also play a role in symptom manifestation. Studies suggest men are more prone to cardiovascular symptoms while women often report neurological issues. Furthermore, disparities exist among ethnic groups, as some Black patients with Long COVID may experience different symptoms and less recognition in healthcare settings, according to Dr. Gorman.

Currently, there is no definitive treatment for Long COVID. However, clinical trials are underway to explore potential therapies, including the antiviral Paxlovid. Gorman encourages patients to find healthcare providers familiar with Long COVID symptoms, as treatment can significantly vary among practitioners. “You should feel supported by your healthcare team,” she noted.

If an individual suspects they have Long COVID, consulting a primary care physician is the first step. If needed, they may refer patients to specialized Long COVID treatment clinics. Survivor Corps, a Long COVID advocacy group, offers resources for locating appropriate medical care.

While the situation surrounding Long COVID might seem bleak, Dr. Gorman remains optimistic. “Research indicates that recovery from Long COVID is possible, and we’re witnessing a decline in overall Long COVID rates, partly due to symptom resolution in many patients,” she explained. “It’s essential to stay vigilant, as anyone can develop Long COVID, even after multiple infections.”

With ongoing research, the medical and scientific communities are actively exploring Long COVID, providing hope for those grappling with this condition. Patients are encouraged to prioritize their health, pursue treatment, and understand that collectively, millions share the challenges of Long COVID.