China Reports Surge in HMPV Cases, Experts Rule Out Pandemic Risk

Chinese health officials have reported a significant increase in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, particularly among children under 14, sparking concerns on social media about a potential new pandemic. However, experts have reassured the public that HMPV, while contagious, is unlikely to escalate into a global health crisis like COVID-19.

HMPV, first identified in the Netherlands in 2001, is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms. It belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and primarily affects young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people contract HMPV by the age of five and may experience reinfections throughout their lives.

Dr. Conall Watson, a consultant epidemiologist at the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), stated, “Most people have had HMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives.” Symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, though such outcomes are rare.

The virus spreads through close contact, respiratory droplets, or touching contaminated surfaces. Like RSV, HMPV is seasonal, with cases peaking during winter months. The CDC recommends preventive measures such as regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and wearing masks in crowded settings.

In late December 2024, China‘s disease control authority reported a spike in HMPV cases, particularly in northern provinces, prompting increased monitoring of respiratory illnesses. Social media posts showing crowded hospitals and masked individuals fueled fears of another pandemic. However, Professor Peter Openshaw of Imperial College London dismissed these concerns, stating, “There’s no likelihood of it causing a COVID-like pandemic.”

In the UK, HMPV cases have risen slightly, consistent with typical winter trends. UKHSA data from late December 2024 shows a 4.15% increase in positive cases compared to earlier in the year. Dr. Watson noted that while HMPV activity is at a “medium” level, it remains lower than flu and RSV rates.

Experts emphasize that HMPV, while concerning for vulnerable populations, does not pose the same global threat as COVID-19 due to its milder symptoms and existing population immunity. Professor Openshaw added, “It’s a winter virus. We expect to see outbreaks at this time of year.”