First Leprosy Case in NT Reported Since 2021

A recent case of leprosy has been identified in the Northern Territory (NT), marking the first instance of the disease in the region since 2021. The NT Health Department announced the confirmation, making it the fifth reported case in Australia this year.

This particular case emerged in northeast Arnhem Land, situated approximately 1000 kilometers east of Darwin, NT. The prevalence of leprosy has significantly declined since the 1970s, with an average of less than one confirmed case annually in the NT since the year 2000.

Notably, there have been three cases in New South Wales (NSW) and one in Victoria thus far in 2024, as per federal government health data. In 2023, a total of eight cases were reported nationally, with three each in Queensland and Victoria, and two in NSW.

Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is an ancient chronic disease that primarily affects the nerves in areas such as the hands, feet, and face. The transmission occurs via droplets from the nose and mouth, requiring prolonged and close contact over months with untreated individuals.

Despite the fear and misconceptions surrounding leprosy due to its potential to cause disabilities, it is not highly contagious and can be effectively treated with antibiotics, as elucidated by the health department. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,000 new leprosy cases are identified annually across 120 countries globally.