Penitents Seek Forgiveness Through Sacrifice on Good Friday in Kalayaan

KALAYAAN, Philippines (AP) — On April 18, 2025, dozens of penitents gathered in the southern Philippine town of Kalayaan to partake in a traditional Good Friday ritual, flagellating themselves with wooden whips to atone for their sins. This observance draws attention from local residents and visitors alike, as many Christians across this predominantly Catholic nation commemorate the passion and sufferings of Jesus Christ.

The event saw men in hoods parade through the streets, their backs bloodied from the self-inflicted lashes. This extreme expression of faith, rooted in cultural beliefs about penance, is criticized by church leaders who warn that such practices contradict the core teachings of Christianity.

“While these rituals are deeply ingrained in our cultural heritage, we must remember that Christ’s sacrifice on the cross is sufficient for our salvation,” said Father Jose Miguel, local parish priest. “Penance through suffering is not how we should express our faith.”

Throughout the day, attendees also witnessed a theatrical reenactment of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, performed by local actors in the nearby town of Paete. Performers, dressed as Roman soldiers and Biblical figures, dramatized the events leading up to Christ’s death as part of the Maundy Thursday celebrations observed just a day prior.

In Kalayaan, various vendors, including Baby Ragaza, distributed boiled eggs and drinking water to those participating in the flagellation, ensuring penitents remained hydrated during their harrowing rituals. “These small acts of kindness are crucial,” she remarked. “Penitents need nourishment before and after their sacrifices.”

After the flagellation, many participants jumped into nearby bodies of water to wash away the blood and sweat from their backs. “It is a part of the purification process,” explained Juan, a veteran penitent. “We believe that cleansing ourselves symbolizes both physical and spiritual renewal.”

In the Miguel’s parish, the procession of statues depicting Jesus Christ and various saints occurred on Holy Wednesday, marking another significant event during this Holy Week. Echoing tradition, devotees carried these statues through the streets, often accompanied by music from local bands.

These sacred practices of self-flagellation and processions, while arduous, remain an essential aspect of the cultural and religious identity for many in the region, drawing both admiration and concern.

As celebrations draw to a close, the strict dichotomy between cultural tradition and ecclesiastical endorsement continues to challenge both participants and observers within the community.